The purpose of the present study was to analyze the policy framework for elite sports in Iran. The research method is qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included all faculty members of physical education, managers, and experts from executive organizations, professional sports organizations, as well as scientific documents and resources. A sufficient sample was selected based on theoretical saturation through purposive and available sampling (16 individuals and 28 documents). Research tools included systematic library study and semi-structured interviews, and the validity of the tools was evaluated using qualitative validity assessment methods (content validity). Data were analyzed using coding and conceptual framework methods. The conceptual framework of elite sports policy in Iran was identified in 10 perspectives and is categorized into 5 conceptual levels: elite sports policy framework, the groundwork for implementing elite sports policies, the policy process for elite sports development, strategic maturity of the elite sports system, and the level of development and functions of elite sports. The framework presented in this research provides an understanding of the dimensions of policy development for elite sports based on its relationship with a set of different activities. Based on this framework, an objective evaluation of management activities in elite sports can be conducted, and scientific information regarding appropriate actions that sports organizations need to take for the development of elite sports policy can be provided.

Purpose: Karate is one of the most popular martial arts in the world, but its practice carries the risk of injury. This study examines the mechanisms and prevalence of injuries in female elite kumite karate players. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of acute and chronic injuries during the last 6 months in black-belt female Karate players. The Oslo standard questionnaire was used in this study. This questionnaire covers musculoskeletal system care, comprising the severity of the injury, the location of the injury, the type of injury, the mechanism of injury, and the time of injury. Results: Results indicated that the knee was the most common location of acute injuries (χ2=248.052, P=0.001), and the lower back was the most common location of chronic injuries (χ2=129.342, P=0.001). Also, the findings showed that acute contact injuries are more prevalent than non-contact injuries (χ2=7.936, P=0.05), and these injuries have occurred more during training (χ2=7.263, P=0.064). In addition, the results demonstrated that sprain and fracture have the highest percentage in acute injuries (χ2=154.356, P=0.001) and other injuries and tendonitis have the highest rate in chronic injuries (χ2=7.263, P=0.064). Conclusion: The knees and lower back are more prone to injury than other body areas. Coaches and athletes should consider preventive programs to help decrease the risk of injury in these areas.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for supporting elite female athletes in championship sports. To achieve the research aim, 200 people answered the questionnaires using purposive sampling method. The researcher-developed questionnaire was prepared through studying the theoretical background, semi-guided interviews with sports management professors and elite female athletes through an exploratory process, and exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize the 46 items into nine factors. The extracted constructs were found to be both valid and reliable based on confirmatory factor analysis by LISREL software and Cronbach's alpha. Results of the study indicated that the present questionnaire was a suitable tool to assess the support for elite female athletes. Besides, the final research model indicated that financial support was the first priority from the respondents’ perspective while government support was the last priority according to them. Moreover, all the fitness indices of the model for supporting elite female athletes and its aspects had good fitness which confirmed the model. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that the research model and the priority of its factors be considered for policy-making in the field of women's championship sports.

Introduction: Nowadays, trust is a vital factor for individual, organizational and social success and is considered as the main source of soft and effective power production in hard power diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate trust-based behavior with respect to increasing public trust in sports elites. Methods: The present study is a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) research method. Non-structured, semi-structured interviews as well as structured interviews were used. The statistical population included in the qualitative part 15 sport elites of the country and in the quantitative part there were 242 coaches, experts, elites and specialists of the Ministry of Sport. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on interviews with all coaches, experts, senior and specialists of the Ministry of Sport, the Olympic Committee and the country's sports elite. Its validity was confirmed by several professors and experts. The reliability of the research instrument was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 832. The Komogorov-Smirnov test was performed to investigate the natural distribution of data, exploratory factor analysis using spss software version 24, confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software. Results: The results showed that all factor loadings were higher than 0. 05 indicating convergent validity. Also, the values of the indices were above 0. 9, indicating good fit to the model. Conclusion: Findings indicate that public trust is related to macro level factors rather than micro level. An individual's assessment of the status of society is the most important factor affecting their level of public confidence.

Sportsperson ship is one of the new terms which gets a lot of attention in sports ethics research nowadays. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sportsperson ship among individual and team sports elite male athletes. For this purpose, 84 elite athletes from individual sports including Wrestling, Tekwaendo, Karate, Weight Lifting, Track and field, Cycling, Boxing, Table Tennis, Swimming, Badminton, Gymnastic, Wusho, Bodybuilding and Skating and 78 elite male athletes from team sports including Basketball, Volleyball, Handball and Football completed the MSOS inventory. A pilot study among 45 athletes of Azad University was held which 34 inventory was approved and the coefficient alpha obtained was 0.77. Since after the examining, the distribution was not normal the data was analyzed through non-parametric Mann-Whitney U statistical method. The results stated that athletes involved in individual sports showed higher levels of sportsperson ship comparing to those who involved in team sports. Moreover, there found to be no significant diffrence between athletes with sport science academic education and those with other majors of academic education.

The present study sought to prioritize the causes of the migration of national team athletes from the country while recognizing the causes. This research was based on the purpose of applied research and based on qualitative-quantitative (mixed) method. In the qualitative section and to obtain basic information through structured and semi-structured interviews, sampling was performed as snowballs and interviews with 15 athletes of national teams and theoretical saturation was obtained. The statistical population of the study included a small number of all medal-winning athletes participating in the last two Asian and Olympic Games, 177 of whom 118 randomly selected according to Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed the formal validity and content of the questionnaire by 10 professors of sports management and sports experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported through Cronbach's alpha (α,= 0. 96). In the data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used with SPSS software versions 22 and Smart PLS3. The results of the research show that the priorities of the factors affecting the sports migration of athletes of national teams are as follows: managerial (3. 81), social (3. 8), political (3. 62), psychological (3. 6), cultural (3. 17) And economic (3/01). In order to prevent the migration of human capital of sports in the country, each of the mentioned factors must be considered, Also, the results of the fitness tests confirmed the proper fit of the final model of the factors affecting the migration of Iran's elite athletes.

The objective of this study was to analyze the policy making for the maturity of elite sports in Iran, focusing on the role of contexts, processes, and development levels. The research method was qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included all faculty members of physical education, managers and experts of executive and professional sports organizations, and scientific documents and resources. The statistical sample was selected purposefully and conveniently based on theoretical saturation (16 individuals and 28 documents). The research tools included systematic library study and semi-structured interviews, and the validity of the tools was assessed using qualitative validation methods (content validity). Coding and conceptual framing methods were used to analyze the findings. The conceptual framework of elite sports policy making in Iran was identified in 10 perspectives and 5 conceptual levels: the framework of elite sports policy making, groundwork for implementing elite sports policies, the policy process for elite sports development, the strategic maturity of the elite sports system, and the development level and functions of elite sports. The framework presented in this study provides an understanding of the dimensions of policy making for elite sports development based on its relationship with a set of various activities. Based on this framework, an objective evaluation of management activities in elite sports can be conducted, and scientific information regarding appropriate actions that sports organizations should undertake for the development of elite sports policy making can be provided.

Background: Trauma is an inescapable part of sports competitions. It occurs more frequently in contact sports such as wrestling.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of injury in Greco-Roman style wrestling competitions at national level.Patients and Methods: This descriptive epidemiological research included 50 Greco-Roman style wrestlers who participated in national level competitions between the years 2003 and 2008. A questionnaire was completed by each participant, itincluded, the number of injuries to skin, muscle tissue, bones and joints. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by a test – retest method (r=0.83, P=0.0001).Results: The most frequent injuries encountered by the wrestlers were, skin lesions (62%), followed by muscle (22%), bone (9%) and joint (7%) injuries, respectively.Conclusions: Greco-Roman style wrestlers are at high risk of skin injuries. Therefore, they need appropriate instructions on how to avoid injuries and adequate care after their competitions